What is Enlightenment Emmanuel Kant - 1086 Words

In his essay writing â€Å"What is Enlightenment?† Immanuel Kant defines enlightenment as â€Å"man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity† (Kant, 1). In order for us to completely understand this definition, we must first understand what Kant meant by â€Å"Immaturity†. In the writing Kant defines immaturity as â€Å"the inability to use one’s understanding without the guidance from another†(Kant, 1). Furthermore, Kant believes that this immaturity is self-imposed, and that it is the individual’s fault for lacking the courage and resolve to think for themselves, but instead pay others to think and understand for them. I substantially agree with this idea, however, his remarks on immaturity in relation to the government, the way people should live, and†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, in the text he mentions â€Å"Nothing is required for this enlightenment, however, except freedom; and the freedom in question is the l east harmful of all, namely, the freedom to use reason publicly in all matters†(Kant, 2). What Kant tries to explain in this writing is that people need to exercise their reason in public stages/arena’s such as public debating without the â€Å"guardians† interference. They should be able to debate with each other in complete freedom, without censorship. I agree with Kant that to achieve enlightenment we have to first achieve freedom. But to achieve enlightenment to me is to be able to think freely, be healthy, and to be wise. Just thinking freely can get you to enlightenment Kant claims. However, without health how can one think when something troubles him, or he is ill. Without wisdom how can one expect to speak knowledgeable about a topic? Kant believes that the public use of ones reason â€Å"must always be free† and that public reason is reason that â€Å"anyone as a scholar† makes before the â€Å"literate world† (Kant, 2). Private reason he mentions is the use of reason that a person can make in what he called a civic office or a civil post. He believed that public reason is free and that private reason had restrictions because there was a need to keep social, and public order. In the private realm, Kant believed, we are supposed to strictly follow guidelines of the civic post that we are currentlyShow MoreRelatedEnlightenment Emphasized Reasoning over Tradition1266 Words   |  5 Pages Enlightenment began as an intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th century among European philosophers. It emphasized individual reason over tradition. In other words, enlightenment is illustrated by a belief in the authority of and need for human reason, particularly in regards to politics, education, and r eligion. The ideas of enlightenment were explored predominately by philosophers like Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith. Living towards the end of the age of Enlightenment, EmmanuelRead MoreThe Theory Of Divine Right935 Words   |  4 Pagesthoughts. Rousseau’s most significant work was â€Å"The Social Contract† written in 1762. The point of â€Å"The Social Contract† is to conclude how freedom may be imaginable in civic society, and we might do well to break in records temporarily and comprehend what he means by freedom. In the official nature we enjoy the physical free will of having no limits on our actions. By entering the social contract, we place chains on our conduct, which make it questionable to reside in a community. By giving up ourRead MoreThe Principles Of Freedom Of An Individual934 Words   |  4 Pagesnot infringed on (Kant Political Philosophy, 1993. p. 173). Liberalism today could slightly be different with earlier views as a result of changes in time and history however the fundamental tent of liberty and the ideals of freedom, equality, independence as expressed by Kant remains the same and paramount. Several philosophical views regarding modern political thought on state of nature, social contract and division of powers has immensely been written by both Locke and Kant in their era. Read MoreCosmopolitanism Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesCosmopolitan†¦ Not the Drink! The word cosmopolitanism, derived from Greek, means that humans are part of a global civilization. â€Å"Cosmos† signifies the earth, and â€Å"polis† means city or state. The Enlightenment philosophers Emmanuel Kant and Baron de Montesquieu interpreted the idea slightly differently but fundamentally agreed that it entails the communication and exchange of varied cultures, especially through commerce. Cosmopolitism is not to be confused with legal pluralism, discussed by LaurenRead MoreThe Great Conversation Of History1573 Words   |  7 Pagesthe questions of faith and reason are always things battling for a spot in our minds, but they shouldn’t be in battle because they are very much dependent on the other. Among the time periods from Ancient Greece, the Enlightenment, and the 19th century, writers such as Socrates, Kant, and Martin Luther King Jr have looked at the issue of faith and reason. Western Civilization has developed and changed over time. In Ancient Greece where the Western Civilization really started to take off, it wasRead MoreRise of Nazism and Enlightenment Thought2086 Words   |  9 PagesHIST215 – Later Modern Europe,1789-1939 Assessment Task One Research Essay The rise and subsequent take-over of power in Germany by Hitler and the Nazi Party in the early 1930s was the culmination and continuation not of Enlightenment thought from the 18th and 19th century but the logical conclusion of unstable and cultural conditions that pre-existed in Germany. Hitler’s Nazi Party’s clear manipulation of the weak state of the Weimar Republic through its continued failure economically and sociallyRead MoreThe Theory Of Divine Right1330 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, new ideas have always been formed from questions and different questions create new ideas. These five documents- â€Å"The Theory of Divine Right,† â€Å"Revocation of the Edict of Nantes,† The Social Contract, What is Enlightenment?, and The Declaration of Independence- each discuss a different idea and are substantial in the demonstration of this idea. These ideas have many differences and similarities. They may be significant in different revolutions, b ut they all pertain to differentRead MoreIts War in the Cyber-World Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesindustries of media: wikipedia, twitter and others (Condon, 2012:2). The laws of copyright date back to the 18th century. In his Essay III, Emmanuel Kant calls it as counterfeit,† mainly of books, which primarily meant copying somebody elses book or work. Kant argued that freedom also consisted in not having others copy ones artistic or intellectual works, (Kant, 1785:1). According to this definition, freedom is directly linked to copyright as both work mutually to promote creative and original innovativeRead MoreEssay on The Definition of Dramaturgy2075 Words   |  9 Pagesand theatre studies. Similarly, we are left to question what exactly the role of a dramaturg is, and whether they perform this role alone or share it; as no one has actually established a clear definition of what dramaturgs actually do. Therefore, whilst I can’t propose that I can create a solid definition of what dramaturgy itself is, I shall lie the groundwork for a study into what dramaturgy may be, using an over-arching definition of what, I believe, is itself an actual field of drama and theatreRead MoreAge Of Enlightenment Vs Life Today2752 Words   |  12 PagesAge of enlightenment vs life today Introduction There are various eras that have been in existence since the beginning of the world. One of these famous eras is the age of enlightenment also referred to as the age of reason or simply the enlightenment. Age of enlightenment refers to the time that guided intellectual movements known as The Enlightenment. We can say that in the world today, there still exists some form of enlightenment that is going on. The enlightenment today comes from a new practices

Personal Narrative My Weekend At Ferris - 1621 Words

My Weekend at Ferris It was the beginning of a long weekend. One of those weekends that end up being one of the funnest times you ever have. As I was waiting at my house to be picked up to go visit friends at Ferris State and party, my excitement was building. The party was no regular one however. This was the weekend of ferris fest, where the beer flows constantly and weed is smoked religiously. So I waited for my friend Dakota to pick me up and by the time he got to my house my excitement was at an all time high. I was talking like a little kid who jabs your ear off. After my house the next stop was our best friend Caden’s. We picked him up and after the crew was together it was off to college. When we arrived at the apartment we were†¦show more content†¦Later that night, around 3, the party was dying down so we decided to go back to the house and play some beer pong and go to bed. We were back there and I was upstairs with Mike in his room. Mike and I have always had a great time hanging out and are very good friends. So I ask him, â€Å"Mike can I just crash in your room for the weekend so I don’t have to deal with an uncomfortable, crowded spot downstairs.† And he goes, â€Å"Viele you can just have my bed.† I couldn t believe it. I thought it was so funny he let me sleep in his bed instead of him. So I end up passing out not too much later than that to put a cap on a fun first night. The morning had come. The sun shined in the window as I woke up, for it was beautiful out. I walked downstairs to find Chandler frying burgers on the stove and listening to viking metal on blast. He made food for all of us, his hospitality skills were definitely on point. On top of that the burgers were so good. We even had to eat them on bread and they were still delicious. The drinking had started extra early that day. As soon as we were awake there were beers in our hands. We started partying while going over our plan for the day. We settled on the idea that we would wait until a little before dark and go check out the big party place at Ferris. It was mid afternoon when I started to realize people were getting extra intoxicated. They started acting sloppy drunk. There was yelling, loud talking, and a heavy slurShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDiversity Manageme nt Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than WomenRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesWhat influence should a customer have in redesigning a methodology that has proven to be successful? 4. What if the customers want the existing methodologies left intact? 5. What if the customers are unhappy with the new combined methodology? Ferris Healthcare, Inc. In July of 1999, senior management at Fems recognized that its future growth could very well be determined by how quickly and how well it implemented project management. For the past several years, line managers had been functioningRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesavoidance of overdependency on one supervisor, the challenge of new assignments, avoidance of dead-end career paths, cross-fertilization of ideas gained in other settings, increased interdepartmental cooperation as a result of the establishment of personal networking, and evaluation by different superiors in different settings. From a strategic perspective, a major advantage is that such programs develop a pool of managers who have been exposed to an area of the business who can then provide managementRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesfollowed by organizations that certify how various web sites use the information they collect. Students are likely to make the argument that personal information is inherently private and sacrosanct. To challenge that view, ask them about the legitimacy of developing and maintaining a reputation. Doesn’t that involve the divulgence and sharing of personal information among strangers? Ask the class if it is feasible (or undesirable) to totally prevent or prohibit such sharing of information. The

Health and Cultural Determinants

Question: How do you go about building a working relationship with the man without undermining his worldview while maintaining your own Christian ideals? Answer: Health and Cultural Determinants Shaman is a political clout in the village of Hypothea. This village is located in a remote area of the world. There is a language barrier because Shaman belongs to a different culture whereas the doctor who had a visit in that village is a Christian1. The doctor has been assigned the duty of identification of epidemiologic factors that contributes to a number of diseases in that area. He also needs to introduce the public health measures in order to improve the well-being of the villagers. He suspected that the villagers are suffering from tropical diseases. For that, the doctor needs to develop a relationship with Shaman because he alone has been identified as the factor for doctor to be unsuccessful in doing his research. This is because Shaman had an aura of fear in this village and no one is allowed to speak without his permission. Therefore, the doctor needs to develop a bond of trust and respect with Shaman. This is due to the reason that interpersonal relationships play an important role in constructing the knowledge, promoting and preventing the health care and traditions to be continued2. He needs to make a conscious decision at first place and as an active step so as to make a difference. He needs to increase his level of knowledge and awareness about the culture to which Shaman belongs to as well as of the other people who are living in that village of Hypothea. In addition to building the relationship with Shaman, the doctor also needs to build the relationship with other people who belong to different cultures. Also, because there is a language barrier which is acting in their way to effective communication, the doctor can make the efforts towards knowing and learning about the language spoken by Shaman and local villagers so that he could understand whatever they are speaking and communicate with them easily. Doing this, would make the doctor as well as Shaman to feel comfortable in each others company. The doctor can also read about the histories of those people. He should make notice of the communication style followed by Shaman and other indigenous people of Hypothea3. He need to make Shaman understand that there are societal influences and forces that isolate the people belonging to different religions, ethnic groups and economic groups from each other. The doctor also needs to remember that showing the care and love is a fundamental aspect of any relationship. This is because everyone wants be cared about and also caring makes the relationship real4. This can sometime result in melting the heart of other person and breaks their rigid attitude towards them. He can indulge in different activities with the villagers and can behave in a friendly manner with them. The doctor needs to be willing to take risks in his life and need to motivate himself so that he can overcome this barrier and can then identify the relationship between the cultural determinants of disease. Thus, the above mentioned efforts can help the doctor to establish a friendly relationship with Shaman as well as in building the working relationship with him. References Arnault DS. Cultural Determinants of help seeking: A model for research and practice. Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2009; 23(4): 259-278. Parrish P, VanBerschot, JA. Cultural Dimensions of Learning: Addressing the Challenges of Multicultural Instruction. Int Rev Res Open Dis. 2010; 10(2): 1-19. Ely RJ, Thomas DA. Cultural Diversity at Work: The Effects of Diversity Perspectives on Work Group Processes and Outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(2): 229-273. Watson WE, Kumar K, Michaelsen, LK. Cultural Diversity's Impact on Interaction Process and Performance: Comparing Homogeneous and Diverse Task Groups. The Academy of Management Journal, 36(3):590-602.

Italian Renaissance Essays (800 words) - Renaissance Art

Italian Renaissance As the fourteenth century ushered out the Middle Ages in Italy, a new period of cultural flowering began, known as the Renaissance. This period in history was famous for its revival of classical themes and the merging of these themes with the Catholic Church. These themes of humanism, naturalism, individualism, classicism, and learning and reason appeared in every aspect of the Italian Renaissance, most particularly in its art. Humanism can be defined as the idea that human beings are the primary measure of all things (Fleming, 29). Renaissance art showed a renewed interest in man who was depicted in Renaissance art as the center of the world. Pico della Mirandola said that, "there is nothing to be seen more wonderful than man." (Fleming, 284) This could almost be taken as a motto for Renaissance art. Michelangelo's David clearly supports Mirandola's statement. Since Renaissance art focused on representing tangible, human figures, rather than depicting scenes from the Bible in order to praise God, the artists had to think in more natural, scientific terms. Artists became familiar with mathematics and the concept of space, as well as anatomy. Lorenzo Ghiberti studied the anatomical proportions of the body, Filippo Brunelleschi was interested in mathematics in architecture, Leone Battista Alberti, who was skilled in painting, sculpture and architecture, stressed the study of mathematics as the underlying principle of the arts (Fleming, 285). Leonardo also looked at the geometric proportions of the human body (Calder, 197). In painting, but especially in sculpture, artists were inspired to express the structural forms of the body beneath its external appearance. Their anatomical studies opened the way to the modeling and the movements of the human body. In painting, naturalism meant a more realistic representation of everyday objects. In Fra Angelico's Annunciation, he shows an exact reproduction of Tuscan botany (Wallace, 237). Also, the concept of space was important. In painting, figures were placed in a more normal relationship to the space they occupied. Human figures tended to become more personal and individual. Three clear examples of that are Donatello's David, and Leonardo's Mona Lisa and Last Supper, in which the twelve different expressions of the apostles were shown. Every statue, every portrait was an individual person who made a profound impression. Mary and the angel Gabriel became very human in Fra Angelico's Madonna (Wallace, 45). Even when placed in a group, every individual figure stood out separately, as in Boticelli's Adoration of the Magi. One form of art representing the individual was the portrait. Wealthy families and individuals commissioned artists to create statues and paintings. High regard for individual personality is demonstrated in the number and quality of portraits painted at this time (Flemming, 286). Italian Renaissance humanism were motivated by a rediscovery of the values of Greco-Roman civilization. An example of architectural revival is Bramante's Tempietto, a small temple built where St. Peter is said to have been crucified. Bramante later got a chance to build on a much greater scale: St. Peter's Basilica. Clearly using classical civilizations as his model Bramante said of St. Peter's, "I shall place the Pantheon on top of the Basilica of Constantine." (Flemming, 309-310) Other architects went back to the central-type churches modeled on the Pantheon, rather than the rectangular basilica that had evolved over the centuries. They revived classical orders and "blueprints." Decorative motifs were derived directly form ancient sacophagi, reliefs, and carved gems. Sculptors revisited the possibilities of the nude. Painters, however, didn't have the classical references that sculptors had, so they used mythological subjects. With all of the studying and learning of art in the Renaissance, it would be of little wonder that the subject of some of the art was learning itself. The most famous example of this is Raphael's School of Athens. Raphael, along with Michelangelo, was placed in the painting among the ranks of artist-scholars. As members of a philosophical circle intent on reconciling the views of Plato and Aristotle, Raphael and his friends reasoned that Plato and Aristotle were saying the same thing in different words. The two philosophers were placed on either side of the central. On Plato's side, there was a statue of Apollo, the god of poetry. On Aristotle's side there was one of Athena, goddess of reason. Spreading outward on either side were groups corresponding to the separate schools of thought within the two major divisions (Barrett, 87). No matter what theme of the Italian Renaissance is named, there is always some example of a corresponding art manifestation of it. For humanism it was David, for naturalism it was Annunciation, for individualism, it